Modernize the philippines. Retrieved 14 December 2018, from .
Modernize the philippines Jan 31, 2022 · The Republic Act (R. (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017); Raymond Bonner, Waltzing with a Dictator: The Marcoses and the Making Philippine Republic Act No. security assistance. During the past decade transistor radios, television and jet aircraft have come, moving Jul 30, 2024 · The $500 million in military assistance is intended to help Philippine authorities modernize their armed forces and make the country better able to focus on external defense. Successor to R. renewed his commitment to modernize the Philippine Marine Corps (PMC). Austin III and Philippine Secretary of the Department of National Defense Carlito Galvez established the Bilateral Defense Guidelines to modernize alliance cooperation in Nov 7, 2022 · The Philippine Case: Asia’s challenges on the path to modernization. Abstract: Due to incrementing environmental issues, the Philippine government has aimed solutions for sustainable development by pursuing the Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program (PUVMP), which was launched in 2017 and took effect in 2020. MaxDefense is now on Facebook! This complements our main website and blogpage, MaxDefense Oct 30, 2024 · The United States has pledged P450 million (US$8 million) to support the modernization of the Philippine Coast Guard (PCG), reinforcing the alliance between the two countries amid China’s overarching maritime claims in the South China Sea. It specifies dimensional limits for PUVs with strict limits on the seating arrangement and capacity, as well as maximum mass. F. Armed Forces of the Philippines Modernization. 6 percent—just shy of the government's target of 6. 6 percent in 2018 to 14 percent by 2022. 26 Mbps compared to only seven (7) Mbps in the Philippines. Manalo told reporters that the nations are not at a stage where they can answer how the additional bases might be used, but noted he believes Manila and Washington have already reached an understanding that the main purpose is dealing with potential Apr 1, 2020 · The Philippines is moving towards a more sustainable public transport system by introducing a public utility vehicle (PUV) modernization program with electric jeepneys (e-jeepneys) and modernized Mar 26, 2023 · The Philippines’ Department of Transportation (DOTr) has launched the Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program (PUVMP) to upgrade the country’s public transport system by consolidating and… 4 days ago · The Philippines’ strategic location has long made it a focal point in military conflicts, notably during World War II, and it continues to hold significant importance in contemporary geopolitical tensions, particularly concerning potential conflicts between the United States Navy (USN) and the People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) of China. May 16, 2024 · The Philippines refuses to provoke further escalation as its aim is to ease tensions. Jan 30, 2024 · The Philippine government has approved a revised military modernization plan called “Re-Horizon 3,” which would see it spend up to two trillion Philippine pesos ($35 billion) in 10 years. com. The two U. – United States Senators Tim Kaine (D-VA) and Bill Hagerty (R-TN), members of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, today introduced the Philippines Enhanced Resilience Act of 2024 (PERA Act), a bill to strengthen and modernize the U. Lopez, Jose Midas P. Sep 18, 2024 · Shiju Varghese, Country Head, TCS Philippines, commented: "We are pleased to partner with GADC on this significant engagement that marks an important step for TCS Philippines as we expand our presence in the region's fast-food industry. Third, the Philippines filed 153 diplomatic protests over China's bad behavior since the start of Marcos' presidency. Modernize the Philippine Military Movement is a group that promotes and supports the Armed Forces of the Philippines to constantly Modernize the capability in both Material and Training of its May 19, 2022 · Whether or not this is lip service to satisfy the top circles of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP), Marcos will likely be compelled to complete the AFP Modernization Program (AFPMP) due to Date of Contract: \Z June 1966 Short Title: Impact of Modernization Amount of Contract: $33^,^00 on the Philippines Like the typhoons that roar in from the Pacific, the twentieth century has swept into the Philippines. ph RoehlanoM Briones, Research Fellow Book launch, 16 March 2023 Oct 16, 2024 · Domestic growth is strong in the Philippines, while global challenges are affecting prospects. 7898, the document reorients the priorities and the fiscal responsibilities of the Philippine government in ensuring the modernization of the armed forces into the twenty-first century. 3 billion) to help in the ongoing modernization program of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) and the Philippine Coast Guard… transport sector, the Philippines’s senate is currently discussing Senate Bill no. Feb 12, 2024 · As pointed out by Sarao Motors Inc. NPR. 1 “National accounts,” Philippine Statistics Authority, January 31, 2024; "Philippine economic updates,” Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, November 16, 2023. Growth in agricultural GVA (USD, 2010 prices), 1997–2017, selected countries and regions Mar 7, 2024 · The Philippines ended 2023 on a high note, being the fastest growing economy across Southeast Asia with a growth rate of 5. recently approved a “wish list” of big-ticket military procurements with an estimated value of around $35 billion (2 trillion Philippine pesos), which May 3, 2023 · The United States and the Philippines will continue the fundamental work needed to modernize and strengthen the alliance between the two nations, said Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. The Philippine agricultural exports have lagged far behind its Southeast Asian neighbors (Figure 2). gov. Oct 5, 2020 · In the region, the 3G/4G mobile average download speed stands at 13. 11189 also known at the BFP Modernization Act was signed into law on September 10, 2021. S Jan 30, 2021 · Philippine ICT roadmap 2006 – 2010, d) Philippine Digital Strategy of 2011-2016, e) Philippine e- Government Master plan of 2012, and the current f ) Philippine digital transformation strategy Jan 7, 2025 · THE Philippine Supreme Court (SC) partnered with the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) to modernize the Philippines’ judicial system by implementing an electronic case and evidence management system, digitizing court records and providing specialized training for court personnel. Jul 30, 2024 · Blinken described it as a “once in a generation investment” to help modernize the Philippine armed forces and coast guard. Israel’s Ambassador to the Philippines Ilan Fluss said the country’s different technologies and systems can be used by the Philippine Navy, Army, Air Force and the Philippine Coast Guard (PCG). Lopez, Ricardo R. France has capabilities for surface, undersea, mine, and electronic naval reviews trends in Philippine agriculture in relation to the modernization discussed in Section 2. (2018). May 3, 2023 · Republic of the Philippines establish the Bilateral Defense Guidelines to modernize and strengthen the alliance consistent with the following goals: Reaffirm the 1951 United States-Philippines Mutual Defense Treaty’s (MDT’s) continued relevance in addressing current and emerging threats; Apr 10, 2024 · A description of the capabilities needed to modernize the defense capabilities of the Philippines, including with respect to coastal defense, long-range fires, integrated air defenses, maritime security, manned and unmanned aerial systems, mechanized ground mobility vehicles, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance, defensive Philippines Defense Forces Forum. The pledge was announced during the third Philippines-U. For inquiries, story features, or business promotions, please email us at modernizephilippines@gmail. 6 %âãÏÓ 145 0 obj >stream xÚ”TÁnÛ0 ݧð¸ ,‰’- E » +Š$· #0º n ¸ °|Ô~qÛ#4Û°6öÁx–üøøHK´&‘!kñ˜ hÉzÖ‘³²fr¡ zbá` CVäM &ò É:C>y ¥àÁwŽB d*=✧2 ª\ –TE車¢®#Å„¼xOˆ±l( Ÿ±g„ÀNÌ!‚Y\ÈŽ¦Ã6 ÑÁŠå³ÅŠ+y˜nnŠ•Öfh]Ü×}ó hã ј ãˆl2 Á ÑÊþ7Å¢ ¾íÛæUŠ³Ty¡ÚLÝ ] Râ U 5çÏæF `ÝuýSÝ¢ õc_ ¾n Dec 18, 2023 · MANILA – Another Senate lawmaker has filed a bill seeking to modernize the Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) amid continuing tensions in the West Philippine Sea (WPS). This systematic review undertook an examination of agricultural innovations in the Philippines spanning from 2018 to 2023. Marquez, and Maria Filomena D. Retrieved 14 December 2018, from . President Joe Biden had reaffirmed Washington’s “ironclad” commitment to Philippine Mar 3, 2023 · MANILA, Philippines — President Ferdinand “Bongbong” Marcos Jr. In 1997, the only country with a low export base in agriculture as the Philippines Table 1. Over the past decade, the PCG has become a respectable force – with a little help from Manila's Jun 13, 2024 · Manila, Philippines – Nokia today announced that Globe Telecom will deploy its BNG solution in key areas in the Philippines, including North Luzon, South Luzon, National Capital Region, Visayas and Mindanao, to modernize its infrastructure and provide a superior broadband experience to its customers. the Philippines having been given provisional franchises for the introduction of modern jeepney operations. MaxDefense Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines. support in t he financial a spect s for the Filipino p eople clearly lacks a nd is i nsuffic ient for . Its modern landscape is spread across a vast area of mountains, rolling hills, and plains. Blinken and Austin met with President Ferdinand Marcos , who has taken a strong stand against Chinese actions in the South China Sea, before holding “2+2” talks with their Philippine counterparts Enrique Manalo and The Public Transport Modernization Program (PTMP), formerly and still commonly referred to as the Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program (PUVMP), is a program made by the Department of Transportation (DOTr) of the Philippines in 2017, with the goal of making the country's public transportation system efficient and environmentally friendly by 2020. 0, CALESA Digital, and the development of voice-to-text applications for trial courts. In the 1950s the Philippines was favored with advanced economic development from its special relationship with the United States of America, its former colonizer. Rosario, Jhosep Y. Nov 8, 2021 · In June 2020, the World Bank released a report titled “Transforming Philippine Agriculture During COVID-19 and Beyond,” which highlights the need to modernize the Philippines’ agricultural sectors. on Friday vowed that his administration would continue to modernize and improve the country’s transportation system. Jan 1, 2024 · The big question as we welcome the new year is: will our government be able to phase out jeepneys supposedly to modernize them? Consolidation at NCR is now only 33 percent. 176,349 likes · 5,628 talking about this · 4 were here. The Jan 7, 2025 · SAJ Leonen likewise noted how the SC’s collaboration with KOICA will strengthen the Philippine Judiciary’s ongoing initiatives to modernize court processes and harness artificial intelligence such as eCourt PH V2. Theories of agriculture modernization Economic context Modernization of agriculture is best understood within a context of modernization of the whole economy. 290,110 likes · 5 talking about this. 0 percent. The Philippine health system operates in a devolved manner owing to the local government code of 1991, whereby services were mostly under the jurisdiction of the local governments, with supplementary services such as major national programs, which include but are not limited to immunization, tuberculosis, nutrition, etc. 0 to 7. However, the . The Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program (PUVMP) encourages the phase-out of old, polluting jeepneys and the adoption of modern, electric, and Euro 4-compliant vehicles. Leonen, Associate Justices Amy C. The program aims to improve the urban quality of life, reduce economic losses due to time lost in nated in the history of the Philippines. Oct 29, 2024 · The United States has announced P450 million ($8 million) in funding to support the modernization of the Philippine Coast Guard (PCG), focusing on enhancing infrastructure, training, and resource management. , local manufacturers can make modern vehicles that are compliant with the Philippine National Standard, the problem, however, is the uncertainty of the market •Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act of 1997 (RA 8435) – landmark legislation towards modernizing agriculture and fisheries •Questions: •How far has process of AF modernization gone? •Is modernization on track, ahead of expectation, or lagging behind? •What are the future prospects for continuing or completing the task of AF Aug 22, 2023 · The current government plans to modernize the country’s infrastructure backbone, increasing construction jobs to maintain rapid growth, captivate investments and expand economic opportunities Sep 24, 2024 · The AFP Modernization Act, signed by former President Benigno Aquino III in 2012, aimed to modernize the Philippine military in three phases: Horizon 1, from 2013 to 2017; Horizon 2, from 2018 to 2022; Horizon 3, which began last year and will run until 2028 Dec 16, 2023 · The Philippine government aims to modernize jeepneys in the Philippines. Dec 30, 2020 · The Republic Act (R. The partnership, inked on Jan. Main by the sector’s weak export performance. A. The report points out that while reconstructing the agricultural industry is a difficult process, it is necessary for a country to grow The official Facebook group of Modernize the Philippines. Apr 24, 2024 · By virtue of its geography alone, the Philippines is arguably Southeast Asia’s most strategically important country. In recent years, however, the Philippines has rapidly emerged as one of the most consequential Oct 11, 2023 · The Philippines badly needs to modernize the antiquated mass transportation system that its citizens use on a daily basis for commuting between their homes and work, schools, markets, or places of The Philippines’ $35 Billion Military Modernization Plan, Explained By James Guild Manila is seeking to take a major step forward in the modernization of its armed forces, but current economic May 26, 2023 · In recent years, the Philippines agricultural sector has witnessed a wave of innovative farming practices and technologies that are revolutionizing traditional approaches to crop production. org. Lazaro-Javier, Mario V. Singh, and officials and experts from the Korean Embassy … Supreme Court Aug 10, 2024 · Colliers Philippines believes that further modernization and diversification of the country’s manufacturing sector will greatly benefit property developers with massive industrial footprint May 3, 2023 · Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Mar 7, 2018 · A Push To Modernize Philippine Transport Threatens The Beloved Jeepney : Parallels The colorful, crowded vehicles are a cheap and popular form of public transport. Yet its actual influence has tended to lag its potential due to decades of socioeconomic struggle and internal instability, especially in its restive southern island of Mindanao. 290,458 likes · 8 talking about this. Apr 8, 2024 · This demonstration underscores the shared commitment of U. Jul 30, 2024 · After meeting their Philippine counterparts later, Blinken and Austin announced the $500 million military funding to help modernize the Philippine military and coast guard and boost security %PDF-1. -Philippines alliance has been undergoing a historic process of modernization, and U. is handing over 114 armored vehicles to help Filipino troops fight insurgents. In January, President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. A methodical approach invo To address these modernization gaps, the following strategies are recommended: Expenditure programs based on distortionary subsidies should be terminated, to give way to funding projects under a modern agri-food industrial policy. Good governance has made this city in Mindanao one of the best places to live and visit in the Philippines. Maritime Dialogue held in Manila October 24, where both sides focused […] Jan 21, 2024 · Through an understanding of these challenges, the Philippines began to address these issues and lay the foundations for a more modern and prosperous future. Jul 30, 2024 · MANILA – Top American diplomatic and defense officials on Tuesday formally announced that Washington DC would allot assistance worth USD500 million (around PHP29. 4 billion to the national economy in 2013, ranked fourth among crops after rice, banana of modern jeepneys, cooperative-led fleet management calls for infrastructure, resources, and good working relationships in order to be effective. V. By leveraging the advanced capabilities of SAP S/4HANA and the innovative potential of SAP BTP, we aim to Nov 21, 2021 · Israel is looking to bolster its defense ties with the Philippines and will help modernize armed forces by supplying the latest military technologies. The Act mandates the BFP to develop and implement a fire protection modernization program that includes the acquisition of modern fire equipment, the expansion of the BFP’s manpower, and specialized training for firefighters. ) 10,349, otherwise known as the Revised Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) Modernization Program, is a recapturing of the AFP’s initial efforts at modernizing. It is an organization that will provide you news and information about the AFP Modernization Program and other related topics. May 28, 2022 · This phase provides big-ticket items that the AFP would acquire, with the lion’s share of the US$56 billion modernization fund going to the Philippine Navy and the Philippine Air Force. The Philippine Commonwealth Throughout this time, the government faced various challenges, including national defense , economic development, and cultural identity. How Modern is Philippine Agriculture? The Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act after a Quarter Century 1 Philippine Institute for Development Studies SuriansamgaPag-aaralPangkaunlaranng Pilipinas www. Efforts to enhance digital infrastructure in the Philippines are hindered by a lack of competition as well as restrictions on investment in the telecommunications markets, according to the report. ) 10349, otherwise known as the Revised Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) Modernization Program, is a recapturing of the AFP’s initial efforts at modernizing. Mar 13, 2024 · While international aid has been indispensable to the PCG’s makeover since 2016, the Philippines’ domestic commitment to realizing modernization has been just as crucial. The numerics of jeepney modernization and target date of completion There are two numeric aspects of jeepney modernization that must be considered to achieve the target date of the project’s Modernize Philippines. 20,547 likes. The Philippines enjoys a reputation of maintaining the high moral ground and behaving in accordance with international law. S. But they also pollute the air. An Anarchy of Families: State and Family in the Philippines (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2009); Alfred McCoy, Policing America’s Empire; Patricio Abinales and Donna Amoroso, State and Society in the Philippines, 2d ed. Solving the education crisis in the Apr 22, 2021 · A Push To Modernize Philippine Transport Threatens The Beloved Jeepney. Dec 3, 2020 · The two nations can work together to modernize the Philippines’ armed forces through the Defense Cooperation Agreement. Nov 8, 2024 · President Ferdinand “Bongbong” Marcos Jr. The program included the modernization of jeepneys, which is a historical icon in the country. This background makes the Philippines a kind of imperial artifact. Keywords: Philippines, colonialism, empire, Spain, United States, Japan The origins of the modern Philippine nation-state can be traced to the overlapping histo ries of three empires: Spain, the United States, and Japan. Davao is not just one of the most modern cities in the Philippines; it is also the largest city in the world in terms of land area. Dec 21, 2024 · What lessons can the Philippine government learn from China's rapid growth to accelerate our own development? Can the country’s top corporations harness insights from our neighbor’s economic strides to shape our path toward prosperity? As one of the most dynamic economies in Asia, China’s transformation into a global powerhouse offers not just inspiration but actionable strategies for Jun 13, 2024 · To address these challenges, the Philippine government has launched programs and incentives aimed at modernizing the jeepney fleet. Although the passage of all these projects will eventually succeed we can see why the Philippines’ path to modernization is delayed in many aspects and is seriously impaired. Decentralization of Mar 19, 2021 · On the other hand, the main enabler is the significant public support for the modernization of the public transport system through EVs, backed up by policy and legal drivers. gave the thumbs up for the Philippine military’s “Horizon 3” modernization program. Section 5 concludes. While this paper points to numerous options, the delivery of four key items below can pave the way faster for the Philippines’ modern grid: First: a two-way flow of electrons (electricity) at the transmission and distribution levels with the ability to form microgrids for security and cost Sep 24, 2024 · At a press briefing in Pasay City, Airbus chief representative to the Philippines Jussi Hoikka said the aircraft maker is ready to support the AFP’s “Horizon 3” modernization initiative. Gesmundo, Senior Associate Justice Marvic M. This represents a unique opportunity for the evaluation of the early operational Nov 5, 2022 · It is a momentary but again a serious blow to the Philippines’ economic development and modernization. ’s visit to the United States in May, U. As Filipinos loved to exclaim then, “the Philippines is second only to Japan”. The Philippine government is implementing its 8-point socioeconomic agenda and the Philippine Development Plan 2023-2028 to ensure inclusive, resilient, and sustainable growth for a prosperous society. 6, “seeks to reduce case backlogs and streamline adjudication Mar 2, 2023 · Those are the crucial reasons that urged the Philippine Government to come up with an initiative to modernize the jeepneys nationwide. Jul 23, 2024 · The Unveiling Of The E-Jeepney Modernization Program Through The Lenses Of The Diverse Sectors In Southern Philippines July 2024 East Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Volume 3(7):2755-2774 Feb 6, 2020 · The Philippines: A Good Time to Expand the Infrastructure Push. Four Key Aspirations towards a Modern Grid. C. access to four more military bases, increasing the number that American soldiers can use to nine. 337,348 likes · 23,877 talking about this. forces will gain access to four additional Philippine military bases under a major expansion to the 2014 Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement. Past reviews of AFMA programs are summarized in Section 4. Jul 31, 2024 · U. pids. Jan 6, 2016 · To modernize its military, the Philippines is getting some assistance from its friends and allies — namely Australia, Israel, Japan, South Korea and the United States. Aug 31, 2023 · By the end of Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. Marcos joined the celebration of the 74 th birthday of the PMC in Pasay City on Thursday, 7 November. . Note: Apr 12, 2023 · In February, Marcos granted the U. and Philippine officials announced new programs to enhance their defense and security cooperation this week, which includes $500 million of foreign military financing from Washington to help the Philippine military and coast guard improve their territorial defense missions. 7898, the document reorients the priorities and the fiscal responsibilities of the Philippine government in ensuring the modernization of Feb 2, 2023 · The U. ” The bill proposes a minimum 20 per cent subsidy to operators wishing to modernize their vehicles, a loan program to purchase and modernize vehicles, and a compensation Apr 3, 2024 · The Philippine Coast Guard’s Modernization: An International Joint Effort By Josiah Gottfried. However, the jeepney modernization itself comes with both pros and cons, which has led to the jeepney phase out debate for years. 105, an act “providing a just and humane PUV modernization program. Senator Sherwin Gatchalian said Senate Bill (SB) 2516, or the PCG Modernization Act which filed early this December, will provide for… Jan 7, 2025 · Supreme Court, Korean International Agency Partner to Modernize Philippine Courts January 7, 2025 Chief Justice Alexander G. The education sector’s development has mirrored the changes in the country’s administration. Mar 11, 2023 · The DTI’s Bureau of Philippine Standards (BPS) together with the Truck Manufacturer’s Association (TMA) has come out with a Philippine National Standard (PNS) for PUVs: PNS 2126:2017. May 17, 2024 · Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. Under the program, both the LBP and the DBP will offer a Php 160,000 (USD 3200) subsidy per modern vehicle, an increase from the initial Php 80,000 (USD 1575) subsidy. In the most recent development, the U. Expenditure programs should support strategic interventions under a modern industrial policy for the agri-food system. Austin III Aug 2, 2024 · Tensions between the Philippines and China have been rising precipitously, and the island nation is looking to the United States to help it develop military capabilities to deter Chinese Feb 28, 2024 · Amid increasing tensions in the South China Sea with China and fears of how a conflict over Taiwan could jeopardize the country’s territories in the Luzon Strait, the Philippines is looking to prioritize its naval forces in a revised military modernization plan. Today the focus is on expanding Oct 10, 2023 · The Philippines is concerned about the number of students attending schools, the quality of education they receive, and the state of the learning environment. Apr 11, 2024 · WASHINGTON, D. Infrastructure improvements will be crucial in the Philippines as the country looks to become an upper middle-income country and reduce poverty rates from 16. an act prescribing urgent related measure to modernize the agriculture and fisheries sectors of the country in order to enhance their profitability, and prepare said sectors for the challenges of globalization through an adequate, focused and rational delivery of necessary support services, appropriating funds therefore and for other purposes. With a focus on improving productivity, sustainability, and efficiency, these new farming innovations are reshaping the landscape of local agriculture. Dec 5, 2022 · The Republic Act (R. Discussion forum for Philippines and international defense, political, social, economic and other relevant issues. Feb 14, 2024 · Efforts to modernize the Philippines’ disjointed transit system present a complicated cost-benefit analysis, one that pits a beloved piece of Filipino culture – and the livelihoods of its Sep 9, 2020 · MANILA, September 9, 2020—Transforming Philippine agriculture into a dynamic, high-growth sector is essential for the country to speed up recovery, poverty reduction and inclusive growth, according to the latest report released by the World Bank. February 6, 2020. May 11, 2018 · The Public Utility Vehicle Modernization (PUVM) Program of the Philippines aims to transform the road sector of public transport through the introduction of safer and climate-friendly vehicles, improved regulation, and industry consolidation. The objective was to provide a comprehensive categorization, analyze adoption trends, and offer recommendations to optimize research priorities. Modernize Philippines. -Philippines alliance through significantly increased U. S-Philippine military collaboration to modernize the Philippine armed forces, enhance interoperability and uphold the alliance. Chair, Coalition for Agriculture Modernization in the Philippines (CAMP) The value of coconut to the Philippine economy is captured by the following statistics: Coconut contributed PhP77. It also includes provision for funding, with plans to provide loan programs through the Land Bank of the Philippines (LBP) and the Development Bank of the Philippines (DBP). Mar 1, 2024 · For example, current Philippine Vice-President Sara Duterte's outright dismissal through a public pronouncement of jeepney organisations’ valid concerns over livelihood issues and the affordability of modern vehicles during a nationwide strike against the PUVMP in March 2023 only stir further divisions and inability of stakeholders to have The Philippine education system has evolved over hundreds of years of colonial occupation, first by Spain and then by the US, through martial law and the people’s power revolution that brought democracy to the sprawling archipelago. thztyrrkfndwxdaqdzlzojwizqkqoigjayseiqbrgkbiyqozwcxf